Q201.
What Is The Parameterization?
Answer
:
Parameterization
is script variables which are used to pass many values to server. It
emulates the actions of human user.
Q202.
What Is The Load Runner End-transaction And Its Syntax?
Answer
:
It
end the Transaction on the script and its syntax is that
lr-end-transaction.
Q203.
What Is The Automatic Correlation?
Answer
:
Automatic
Correlation is set some rules for correlation.
Q204.
What Is The Difference Between Overlay Graph And Correlate Graph?
Answer
:
Overlay
Graph: It overlay the content of two graphs that shares a common
x-axis. Left Y-axis on the merged graph shows the current graphs
value & Right Y-axis show the value of Y-axis of the graph that
was merged.
Correlate Graph: Plot the Y-axis of two graphs
against each other. The active graphs Y-axis becomes X-axis of merged
graph. Y-axis of the graph that was merged becomes merged graphs
Y-axis.
Q205.
Types Of Goals In Goal-oriented Scenario?
Answer
:
Load
Runner provides you with five different types of goals in a goal
oriented scenario:
The
number of concurrent Vusers
The
number of hits per second
The
number of transactions per second
The
number of pages per minute
The
transaction response time that you want your scenario
Q206.
What Is Performance Testing?
Answer:
Performance
Testing is performed to determine response time of the some
components of the system perform under a particular workload. It is
generally measured in terms of response time for the user activity.
It is designed to test the overall performance of the system at high
load and stress condition It identifies the drawback of the
architectural design which helps to tune the application.
It
includes the following:
Increasing
number of users interacting with the system.
Determine
the Response time.
Repeating
the load consistently.
Monitoring
the system components under controlled load.
Providing
robust analysis and reporting engines.
Q207.
What Is Concurrent User Hits In Load Testing?
Answer:
When
the multiple users, without any time difference, hits on a same event
of the application under the load test is called a concurrent user
hit. The concurrency point is added so that multiple Virtual User can
work on a single event of the application. By adding concurrency
point, the virtual users will wait for the other Virtual users which
are running the scripts, if they reach early. When all the users
reached to the concurrency point, only then they start hitting the
requests.
Q208.
What Is The Life-cycle Of Testing?
Answer:
Planning
the Test
Developing
the Test
Execution
of the Test
Analysis
of Results
Q209.
List Out Some Common Performance Bottlenecks?
Answer:
Some
common performance bottlenecks include:
CPU
Utilization
Memory
Utilization
Networking
Utilization
S
limitation
Disk
Usage
Q210.
What Drawbacks Do Manual Load Tests Have?
Answer:
The
manual load testing drawbacks are:
It
is very expensive to do Manual Testing, as real users charge by the
hour.
With
manual load testing, load testing for longer durations like for 7
days won’t be possible, as users really work a maximum of eight
hours daily.
You
will not get accuracy for results correlation as there are delays
between actions of users.
It
is hard to do results collection as the results capture each other.
It
is hard to do.
Q210.
What Is The Difference Between Baseline And Benchmark Testing?
Answer:
The
differences between baseline and benchmark testing are:
Baseline
testing is the process of running a set of tests to capture
performance information. This information can be used as a point of
reference when in future changes are made to the application where as
Benchmarking is the process of comparing your system performance
against an industry standard that is given by some other
organization.
Example:
We can run baseline test of an application, collect and analyze
results, and then modify several indexes on a SQL Server database and
run the same test again, using the previous results to determine
whether or not the new results were better, worse, or about the same.
Q211.
What
Is The Difference Between Performance Testing And Performance
Engineering?
Answer:
Performance
testing:
In
Performance testing, testing cycle includes requirement gathering,
scripting, execution, result sharing and report generation.
Performance
engineering:
Performance
Engineering is a step ahead of Performance testing where after
execution; results are analyzed with the aim to find the performance
bottlenecks and the solution is provided to resolve the identified
issues.
Q212.
What Are The Automated Performance Testing Phases?
Answer:
The
phases involved in automated performance testing are:
Planning/Design:
This is the primary phase where team will be gathering the
requirements of the performance testing. Requirements can be
Business, Technical, System and Team requirements.
Build:
This phase consists of automating the requirements collected during
the design phase.
Execution:
it is done in multiple phases. It consists of various types of
testing like baseline, benchmarking testing.
Analyzing
and tuning: During the performance testing we will be capturing all
the details related to the system like Response time and System
Resources for identifying the major bottlenecks of the system. After
the bottlenecks are identified we have to tune the system to improve
the overall performance.
Q213.
What Is Distributed Load Testing?
Answer:
Distributed
load testing: in this we test the application for a number of users
accessing the application at a same time. In distributed load testing
test cases are execute to determine the application behavior. Now
application behavior is monitored, recorded and analyzed when
multiple users concurrently use the system. Distributed load testing
is the process using which multiple systems can be used for
simulating load of large number of users. The reason for doing the
distributed load testing is that to overcome the limitation single
system to generate large number of threads.
Q214.
What Is Profiling?
Answer:
Profiling
is a process of pinpointing a bottleneck performance at minute
levels. This is done by performance teams for engineering which
includes developers or performance testers. You can profile in any
application layer getting tested. If you need to do application
profiling you might need to use tools for performance profiling of
application servers. When profiling an application server, you
identify issues at the level of code such as memory intensive API’s
If the database is what you are profiling using the tools for
database profiling, you can identify a number of things such as a
full table scan query, high cost queries and the number of executed
SQLs.
Q215.
List
Down Any Challenge You Faced In Your Performance Career And How Did
You Overcome It?
Answer:
Yes,
I faced many challenges like defining the scope of application, break
points which I over came by studying the historical data of
application and based on them I decided the values, setting up the
performance environment including proxy bypassing, connecting to
Server under test.
Q216.
What Is Ip Spoofing And Why Is It Used?
Answer:
IP
spoofing is used to spoof the system so that each host machine can
use many different IPs to create hypothetical environment where
system believes that request are coming from different locations.
Q217.
How Do You Identify Which Protocol To Use For Any Application?
Answer:
Previously
Performance tester had to depend much on the development team to know
about the protocol that application is using to interact with the
server. Sometimes, it also used to be speculative.
However,
Load Runner provides a great help in form of Protocol Advisor from
version 9.5 onwards. Protocol advisor detects the protocols that
application uses and suggest us the possible protocols in which
script can be created to simulate the real user.
Q218.
How Do You Do The Analysis Of The System For Identifying Issues?
Answer:
We
can study the various graphs generated by the tool such as Response
time, throughput graph, running Vusers graph etc. and also we can see
the server logs to identify the issues in system.
Q219.
What Is Performance Engineering, How Its Different Form Performance
Testing?
Answer:
Performance
testing is the process where we identify the issues in the system.
Performance
engineering is the process where we address the issues and rectify
them.
Q220.
How
You Can Calculate Pacing For Your Application?
Answer:
We
can calculate pacing by the formula as
No.
of users = (Response Time in seconds + Pacing in seconds) * TPS
TPS
is transaction per Second.
Q221.
How Do You Find Out The Performance Bottlenecks?
Answer:
Performance
Bottlenecks can be identified by using different counters such as
response time, throughput, hits/sec, network delay graph. We can
analyze them and tell where the suspected performance bottleneck is.
Q222.
What Is Think Time?
Answer:
Think
time can be defined as the real time wait between 2 consecutive
transactions. For Example a real time user waits to evaluate the data
he received before performing the next step, that wait time he takes
can be stated as think time.
Q223.
Can
You Tell A Scenario Where Throughput Is Increasing With Response Time
Means When They Are Directly Proportional?
Answer:
Yes
it can be possible when you have lots of CSS (Cascading Style Sheet)
in your application which takes a lot of time to display. We can
expect this type of situation where throughput will be increasing as
well as the response time.
Q224.
What Is The Reason Behind Performing Automated Load Testing?
Answer:
Difficult
to measure the performance of the application accurately.
Difficult
to do synchronization between the users.
Number
of real time users are required to involve in Performance Testing.
Difficult
to analyze and identify the results & bottlenecks.
Increases
the infrastructure cost.
Q225.
What Is Performance Tuning?
Answer:
To
improve the system performance we follow a mechanism, known as
Performance tuning.
To
improve the systems performance there are two types of tuning
performed:
Hardware
tuning: Optimizing, adding or replacing the hardware components of
the system and changes in the infrastructure level to improve the
systems performance is called hardware tuning.
Software
tuning: Identifying the software level bottlenecks by profiling the
code, database etc. Fine tuning or modifying the software to fix the
bottlenecks is called software tuning.
Q226.
What Is A Protocol And How Many You Have Worked On?
Answer:
A
protocol is a set of rules for information communication between 2 or
more systems. There are many protocols such as Http/Https, FTP, Web
Services, Citrix.Mostly used protocols are Http/Https and Web
Services.
Q227.
What Is Difference Between Simultaneous User And Concurrent User?
Answer:
Simultaneous
users wait for other user to complete then it starts its activity
whereas in concurrent users, it can be like 2 users log into the
system and perform different activities at the same time.
Q228.
What Is Performance Tuning? How Many Types Are There?
Answer:
Performance
tuning is done for improving the system performance:
Hardware
Tuning: Optimizing, adding or replacing hardware components of the
system and changes done in the infrastructure level to improve system
performance is called hardware tuning.
Software
Tuning: Identifying the software level bottlenecks by profiling the
code, database etc. Fine tuning or modifying the software to fix the
bottlenecks is called software tuning.
Q229.
What
Activities Are Performed During Performance Testing Of Any
Application?
Answer:
Following
activities are performed during testing of application:
Create
user scenarios
User
Distribution
Scripting
Dry
run of the application
Running
load test and analyzing the result
Q230.
Explain The Sub-genres Of Performance Testing?
Answer:
Following
are the sub-genres of Performance Testing:
Load
Testing: it is conducted to examine the performance of application
for a specific expected load. Load can be increased by increasing the
number of user performing a specific task on the application in a
specific time period.
Stress
Testing: is conducted to evaluate a system performance by increasing
the number of user more than the limits of its specified
requirements. It is performed to understand at which level
application crash.
Volume
Testing: test an application in order to determine how much amount of
data it can handle efficiently and effectively.
Spike
Testing: what changes happens on the application when suddenly large
number of user increased or decreased.
Soak
Testing: is performed to understand the application behavior when we
apply load for a long period of time what happens on the stability
and response time of application.
Q231.
Mention
What Is The Difference Between Performance Testing And Functional
Testing?
Answer:
Functional
Testing
To
verify the accuracy of the software with definite inputs against
expected output, functional testing is done
This
testing can be done manually or automated
One
user performs all the operations
Customer,
Tester and Development involvement is required
Production
sized test environment is not necessary, and H/W requirements are
minimal.
Performance
Testing
To
validate the behavior of the system at various load conditions
performance testing is done.
It
gives the best result if automated
Several
user performs desired operations
Customer,
Tester, Developer, DBA and N/W management team
Requires
close to production test environment and several H/W facilities to
populate the load.
Q232.
What is performance testing?
Answer:
Performance
testing is done for quality assurance. It involves testing Software
application to make sure that the software is working well under
their expected workload.
Q233.
What are the common performance problem does user’s face?
Answer:
Longer
loading time
Poor
response time
Poor
Scalability
Bottlenecking
(coding errors or hardware issues)
Q234.
What are the Important performance testing tool?
Answer:
HP
Loader
HTTP
Load
Proxy
Sniffer
Rational
Performance Tester
JMeter
Borland
Silk Performer
Q235.
Why does JMeter become a natural choice of the tester when it comes
to performance testing?
Answer:
JMeter
tool has benefits like
It
can be used for testing both static resources like HTML and
JavaScript, as well as dynamic resources like Servlets, Ajax, JSP,
etc.
JMeter
has a tendency to determine the maximum number of concurrent users
that your website can handle
It
provides a variety of graphical analyses of performance reports
Q236.
Name important parameters considered for performance testing?
Answer:
Memory
usage
Processor
usage
Bandwidth
Memory
pages
Network
output queue length
Response
time
CPU
interruption per second
Committed
memory
Thread
counts
Top
waits, etc.
Q237.
What
are the important factors you must consider before selecting
performance tools?
Answer:
Customer
preference tool
Availability
of license within customer machine
Availability
of test environment
Additional
protocol support
License
cost
Efficiency
of tool
User
options for Manual Testing
Vendor
support
Q238.
What is the difference between JMeter and SOAPUI?
Answer:
JMeter
It
is used for load and performance testing HTTP, JDBC, JMS, Web
Service(SOAP), etc.
It
supports distributed load testing
SoapUI
It
is specific for web services and has a more user-friendly IDE
It
does not support distributed load testing
For
most IDE, it has plugin support
Q239.
What is the difference between performance testing and Functional
Testing?
Functional
Testing
Answer:
It
helps to verify the accuracy of the software with definite inputs
against expected output, and functional Testing is done.
This
Testing can be done manually or automated
One
user performs all the operations
Customer,
Tester and Development involvement is required
Production
sized test environment is not necessary, and H/W requirements are
minimal
Performance
Testing
To
validate the behavior of the system at various load conditions
performance testing is done.
It
gives the best result if automated
Several
users perform desired operations
Customer,
Tester, Developer, DBA, and N/W management team
Requires
close to a production test environment and several H/W facilities to
populate the load
Q240.
Tell
me the file extensions of RTS?
Answer:
Extension
of RTS is “.cfg” & “.usp”.
Q241.
Tell
me the file extensions of ANALYZER?
Answer:
The
file extensions of ANALYZER is “.lra”.
Q242.
What are the benefits of Load Runner on testing tools?
Answer:
Benefits
of Load Runner testing tools is
Versatility
Test
Cases Results
Easy
Integrations
Robust
reports
Enterprise
Package
Q243.
What are the common mistakes done in Performance Testing?
Answer:
The
common mistakes done in Performance Testing are
-
Direct jump to multi-user tests
-
Test results not validated
-
Unknown workload details
-
Too small run durations
-
Lacking long duration sustainability test
-
Confusion on a definition of concurrent users
-
Data not populated sufficiently
-
The significant difference between test and production environment
-
Network bandwidth not simulated
-
Underestimating software testing schedules
-
Incorrect extrapolation of pilots
-
Inappropriate base-lining of configurations
Q244.
Explain the steps required in JMeter to create a performance test
plan?
Answer:
To
create a performance test plan in JMeter
step
1:Add thread group
step
2:Add JMeter elements
step
3:Add Graph result
step
4:Run test & get the result
Q245.
How you can execute spike testing in Jmeter?
Answer:
In
JMeter, spike testing can be done by using Synchronizing Timer. The
threads are jammed by synchronizing the timer until a specific number
of threads have been blocked and then release at once, creating a
large instantaneous load.
Q246.
What is the throughput in Performance Testing?
Answer:
In
performance testing, throughput is referred to the amount of data
transported to the server in response to the client request at a
given period of time. It is calculated in terms of requests per
second, calls per day, reports per year, hits per second, etc.
Performance of application depends on throughput value, higher the
value of throughput -higher the performance of the application.
Q247.
What is concurrent user hits in load testing?
Answer:
In
load testing, without any time difference when multiple users hit on
the same event of an application under the load test is called a
concurrent user hit.
Q248.
What
are the different sections of the script? In what sequence do these
sections run?
Answer:
Load
Runner script has three sections vuser_init, Action and vuser_end.
vuser_init
has requests/actions to login to the application/server.
Action
has actual code to test the functionality of the application. This
can be played many times in iterations.
Vuser_end
has requests/actions to login out the application/server.
The
sequence in which these sections get executed is vuser_init is at the
very beginning and vuser_end at the very end. The action is executed
in between the two.
Q249.
How
do you identify which protocol to use for any application?
Answer:
Previously
Performance tester had to depend much on the development team to know
about the protocol that application is using to interact with the
server. Sometimes, it also used to be speculative.
However,
Load Runner provides a great help in form of Protocol Advisor from
version 9.5 onwards. Protocol advisor detects the protocols that
application uses and suggest us the possible protocols in which
script can be created to simulate the real user.
Q250.
What is parameterization & why is parameterization necessary in
the script?
Answer:
Replacing
hard-coded values within the script with a parameter is called
Parameterization. This helps a single virtual user (vuser) to use
different data on each run. This simulates real-life usage of an
application as it avoids server from caching results.
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